Capital Punishment Essay - 3201 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alissa Kilmer nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mr. Lenahan†¦show more content†¦The court also said The fundamental respect for humanity underlying the 8th amendment†¦ requires consideration of the character and record of the individual offender and the circumstances of the particular offense as a nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kilmer 2 constitutionally indispensable part of the process of inflicting the death penalty. The main concern was class that the unemployed were the majority of the population receiving the ultimate sentence of death, fifty percent of the blacks and forty-four percent of the whites that were on death row were unemployed (Johnson, 520-521). The case of Gregg v. Georgia established that the Death Penalty was not unconstitutional (Albers 468). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The death penalty was born with the hanging of George Kendall in Jamestown County, Virgina in 1608; its legality was not even brought into question until about two- hundred and fifty years later. In the beginning there were quite a few different methods of carrying out the death penalty. The different ways of executing an individual were, lethal injection, electrocution, poisonous gas, hanging, and being placed in front of a firing squad. Seven hundred and seventy-seven individuals have been killed since theShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassionRead MoreCapital Punishment2506 Words   |  11 PagesCapital Punishment and the Death Penalty Capital punishment exist in today’s society as citizens of the United States should we have the right to take an individual life. As illustrated throughout numerous of studies the death penalty is an unfair process seven out of ten deaths handed down by the state courts from 1973 to 1995 were overturned when appeal and the seven percent were later found to be innocent. Such as the Dobie Williams case which took place July 8, 1984. DobieRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Legal Punishment1116 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the big deal about Capital Punishment is? According to free dictionary, Capital Punishment is to put to death as a legal punishment (Farlax). Capital Punishment is used worldwide, and is guaranteed to prevent future crime. Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of

Essay on Black Death with Wings of Light - 1479 Words

â€Å"Ring a Ring O Roses,/ A pocketful of posies,/ Atishoo! Atishoo!/ We all fall down!† (Historic UK). Would anyone see through this happy melody and say that this song is about one of the deathliest plagues that ever struck mankind, the Black Death? This song describes the main symptom of the Black Death, which is the formation of infected black rings on skin. The Black Death is a disease that first arrived in Europe in 1347 through a ship with rats and fleas contaminated with Yersinia pestis bacteria. This bacteria has the capability of taking one’s life within 48 hours (MedicineNet). In 1340s, the plague victimized countless numbers of people. Fortunately, the plague temporarily subsided during the Renaissance era in 1450s (Dowling,†¦show more content†¦Then suddenly, people started to die from the Black Death. No one knew the origin of the disease since the concept of bacteria was absent. The population believed that the plague was caused by foul smells on the street, which was partly true since the disease was actually from all the garbage lying around in the street providing a perfect habitat for rats and the disease itself (Naver). Moreover, the church preached that the plague was caused by lack of faith which angered God. This lead people to believe that the only cure to the sickness was prayers; thus hindering the development of logical and realistic ideas - science. Although the studies of today clearly show that the Black Death was a disease caused by infected fleas in rats, due to lack of investigation in the field of science and the continuous preaching of the church, it was known to be caused by foul odor and the anger of God. The sudden attack of the Black Death upon the lives of thousands dramatically decreased the total population to two thirds (Naver). After the vital reduction, people observed that the dirty environments and the atmosphere of the England as a whole were in sync with the habitat that rats carrying the disease would prefer. Consequently, England got in action and started to clean up the streets and homes. An extreme way of countering the disease was to burn an entire square of a London in an attempt to wipe out the Black Plague for good (Callahan, Ken). In addition toShow MoreRelatedAfro-Asian Poetry1595 Words   |  7 Pagesof the woods a ghastly cruel death   Was watching, snaky, crawling to you   Like branches from the holes and heads of trees   Embraced your body and your ailing soul.   They put a treacherous big viper on your chest:   On your neck they laid the yoke of fire-water   They took your sweet wife for glitter and cheap pearls,   Your incredible riches that nobody could measure.   From your hut, the tom-toms sounded into dark of night   Carrying cruel laments up mighty black rivers   About abused girls,Read MoreMovie Analysis : Sleeping Beauty By Charles Perrault1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe visually stunning movie Maleficent casts key ideas of good versus evil using memorable film techniques. Through the use of costume and setting, director Michael Stromberg has elegantly identified, using a theological light, that the lines of good and evil can be blurred and that we are not one or another but merely a combination of both traits. The tale of Maleficent is, from the villain s perspective a modern adaptation of the 1697 fairytale ‘Sleeping Beauty’ written by Charles Perrault. ItRead MoreSoar: A Narrative Fiction Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagessearching for a juvenile mate. Crashed with surprise I tilt forward, tipping even closer to the outside world. I attempt to balance on the sliver of the hollow’s cliff. As strong as my mind is compared to the actual strength of my petty body, I flap my wings as hard as I can. I’ve created a fu ll power that has never been reached before in my entire being. I soar backwards into the rough inside of the hollow. Dazed with pure adrenaline, I lay there flat on my back. A stabbing pain slices deep into my vertebraeRead MoreTheme Of Light And Dark In Macbeth886 Words   |  4 Pages The opposition of light and dark as symbols of life and death is the foundation upon which much of Shakespeares Macbeth is built. The characters in Macbeth make several references to light and darkness throughout the play. Darkness to them is indicative of many symbols of evil. For instance, a black cat, dark night, and dark place are all ominous symbols. This darkness has many consequences, such as disrupting the natural order of the world. Light, as it is used in Macbeth, often seems to be indicativeRead MoreAmericas Constitutional Enfranchisement of Women Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesAmericas Constitutional Enfranchisement of Women During the course of America’s history, the women’s suffrage movement experienced many dynamics. It is commonly recognized as having been initiated with the women’s involvement in helping black slaves achieve freedom from slavery and overall citizenship rights. Little did these women know that the soon to be instituted 15th amendment would constitutionally enfranchise men of every race and ethnicity, but still exclude themRead MoreAesthetic Quality in The Design by Robert Frost Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause he did? This is an important question to ask due to the fact that Frost chose white as the key colour of his poem. White is not usually considered a colour, and by removing colour from the spider, (an insect which is normally considered as black or red), the moth, (which can be white on occasion), and the heal-all, (a flower that is normally considered blue or violet) Frost gives incredible dimension to this poem, intentionally altering the perception of the images presented. There areRead MoreI Can t Breathe ( Barghi )1318 Words   |  6 PagesOn February 26, 2012, a 17 year-old Black teenager was shot to death in Florida. His name was Trayvon Martin and he was shot when returning from a store. He was a junior at Dr, Michael M. Krop High School and lived with his mother and older brother in Miami Gardens, Florida. His last words were â€Å"What are you following me for?†(Barghi). On July 17, 2014, an elderly Black man was choked to death in New York. His name was Eric Garner and he was harassed for the acquisition of selling single cigarettesRead MoreAnalysis Of Black Swan And Whiplash1156 Words   |  5 PagesBlack Swan and Whiplash both feature intense practice sequences that build upon the narrative of obsessing over a craft. This intense and obsessive practice leads up to the conclusion of the films; where each character gives their absolute best performance. Nina’s final transformation into an impure and sinful character is complete d when she grows black wings and slams her mother’s hand in her door. During the performance, Nina gets into an altercation with herself and stabs herself in the pure WhiteRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1733 Words   |  7 Pagesjust an encased womb to everybody, especially the Wives, in the Republic of Gilead. The amount of women objectification in this novel is unbelievable. Each Handmaid is required to wear a full-length red habit, flat red shoes, red gloves, and white wings surrounding her face. The full-red garb represents blood, and it’s interesting because the characters are actually very aware of the symbolism behind their clothes: â€Å"the color of blood, which defines us† (Atwood 8). It’s rare that characters are soRead More`` Black Lives Matter ``1243 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Black Lives Matter† —an intended progression in society without a hierarchy, merely marching forward by spur of the people. Started by three sisters who continue to keep the organization a chapter-based, left wing social justice operation, it can best be described as â€Å"Not a moment, but a movement† by those that follow it. The case that began this outcry involved a man —George Zimmerman— whom, according to Lizette Alvarez and Cara Buckley (2013), â€Å"was found not guilty [of] second-degree murder [and]

Pharmacology for Nursing Care

Question: Discuss about the Pharmacology for Nursing Care. Answer: Introduction: Fever is an abnormal increase in body temperature. A body temperature beyond the standard oral measurement of 37C or the standard rectal temperature of 37.2C is considered as raised temperature (Marieb Hoehn, 2016). Fever which is controlled by the hypothalamus do not rise above 41oC, demonstrating a built-in thermostatic safety mechanism. Fever is a non-specific response that is mediated by exogenous pyrogens (Bacteria or virus) and endogenous pyrogens secreted from host cells. Endogenous pyrogens are Interleukin -6, Interleukin -1, and tumor necrosis factors. These cytokines are synthesized by epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and monocytes types of cells (Marieb Hoehn, 2016). Macrophages, T and B cells are produced to promote defence against infection. In addition, generated prostaglandins bind to receptors in hypothalamus and persuade modifications in the set-point. Once the set-point is amplified, the blood flow through the hypothalamus is perceived as being beneath the appropriate temperature, thus, heat production and conservation starts till blood temperature extents to the new set-point (Craft et al., 2015). Fever serves as natural defense system of the body against pathogens that cannot survive at a higher temperature. The rise in body's core temperature reduces the load of microbes in the body. The increasing temperature also activates the immune system by activating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and also increases immunity by transformation of lymphocytes into B and T cells, enhances phagocytosis, increases neutrophil motility and amplifies production of antiviral interferon (Marieb Hoehn, 2016). According to Craft et al. (2015), the main reason is that viral and bacterial infections may look similar in early stages and so it is prophylactic. In many cases it could be due to people demanding antibiotics from their doctor. But these antibiotics are inadequate in a viral infection such as influenza. Doctors occasionally prescribe antibiotics to reduce the risk of co-infection or secondary bacterial infection during influenza. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is narrow spectrum bactericidal antibiotic. It is effective against susceptible bacteria during their active multiplication stage. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is an orally active antibiotic which has highest bioavailabilitywhen taken orally (Craft et al., 2015). Phenoxymethylpenicillin is less effective against Gram-negative bacteria but possesses a range of an antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. Inhibition of the construction of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall creates an imbalance between cell wall assembly and degradation, causing the bacterial cell to die rapidly (Bullock Manias, 2014). Antibiotics target either the multiplication mechanism of microorganisms or the mechanism of homeostasis protein (Snyder et al., 2013). Antibiotics either kill microbes or make them unable to multiply or divide. Bacteria and fungi must be continuously active metabolically and can be poisoned at any stage by antibiotics. Unlike bacteria and fungi, viruses proliferate and spread by injecting their genetic material into the host's cells and letting it infect cells into producing more viral particles. Viruses use many host cell genes for replication and antibiotics cannot not specifically distinguish and target only viral proteins from host proteins. Therefore, making antibiotics inadequate and ineffective against viruses (Lehne Rosenthal, 2014). Peter could have contracted the influenza virus from an infected person who coughed, sneezed or talked in front him. Peter also could be infected by shaking hand with an infected person or touching infected objects. When an infected person coughs sneezes or talks, tiny infected droplets get into the air. (Boland et al., 2011). The portal of entry of these virus containing droplets is the respiratory tract. The incubation period is about 18 to 72 hours. The portal of exit is through the mouth or nose of the infected person when they sneezes and coughs (Influenza, 2016). The virus can also be spread by hands, objects or surfaces contaminated with influenza viruses. When healthy people touch these contaminated objects and subsequently touch their nose, mouth or eyes becomes infected with this virus. Researchers have found that influenza virus can survive on objects for about two to eight hours (Boland et al., 2011). The portal of entry of the virus is the respiratory tract. The incubation period is about 18 to 72 hours. The portal of exit is through the mouth or nose of the infected person when they sneezes and coughs (Influenza, 2016). The susceptible host for influenza virus infection are children below two years, aged people over sixty-five years, pregnant women and individuals with certain medical conditions (Influenza, 2016). To prevent the modes of transmission, people should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing. Washing hands with soap and water can help to avoid infection (Lee Bishop, 2016). When soap and water are not available, using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer can be effective (Influenza, 2016). Inflammatory responses begins with chemicals released into ECF by infected tissues, blood proteins and immune cells. The mast cell is perhaps the most significant activator of the inflammatory response (Porth Matfin, 2014). Inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins, kinins and complement activation have inflammatory roles and chemotaxis allows inflammatory cells to move to the infection site. They dilate the local arterioles (hyperemia) causing redness and heat of inflamed region (Craft et al., 2015). The swollen throat can be a result of swollen lymph glands. During infection, the lymph glands swell rapidly and become tender as the immune system deals with the infecting virus (Porth Matfin, 2014). Tissue swells during inflammationwhen the endothelial lining of capillaries becomes leakier permitting more blood plasma to exude into the spaces of connected tissue. Inflammation shifts the balance between fluid leaving vascular spaces and re-entering the system. This causes fluid build-up called edema and resulting tissue swelling (Craft et al., 2015). Patchy covering of yellow-white exudate over tonsils indicates tonsillitis due to infection. Tonsils produce antibodies which fight infection and prevent it from further spreading to other body parts. Sometimes inflamed tonsils become swollen with a yellowish coating. It happens because within the tonsils neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes destroy the viruses by producing inflammatory cytokines such as phospholipase A2 (Porth Matfin, 2014). Virus lack necessary components and use the ribosomes, enzymes and other cellular machinery of the host cell to replicate (Bauman et al., 2012). Bacteria contain their genetic material DNA and all the essential tools like ribosomes, proteins that they need to replicate themselves (Snyder et al., 2013). Replication of virus: In lytic cycle, the virus first get attached to the host cell by adsorption and secrets an enzyme that hydrolyses the host cell wall component to form a pore. The virus then injects nucleic acid into the host cell through the pore and induces infection. Viral nucleic acid destroys the synthesis of host proteins and initiates to the production of required viral particles (Snyder et al., 2013). The majority of the viral DNA performances as a template for its own synthesis and rest of the DNA is used to synthesize viral m-RNA. This newly moulded m-RNA constitutes viral coat proteins. Thus, new viral particles are produced by the assemblage freshly synthesized nucleic acid and proteins (Bauman et al., 2012). In lysogenic cycle, viral DNA becomes incorporated into the DNA of host genome. The viral DNA then replicates with the host DNA as a single unit and after a number of generations, the viral DNA gets separated and come into the lytic cycle (Bauman et al., 2012). Bacterial replication involves 3 gradual stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. The initiation of DNA replication in bacteria is facilitated by the protein DnaA. Binding of the DnaA to the initiation site breaks the hydrogen bonds. This event forms the replication fork which causes the DNA to loop in preparation for melting open by the helicase DnaB. Now, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme commences the replication and elongation progression. Termination of DNA replication in bacteria is accomplished by the aid of termination sequences and the Tus protein (Snyder et al., 2013). References Bauman, R. W., Machunis-Masuoka, E., Cosby, C. D. (2012).Microbiology: With diseases by body system. Benjamin Cummings. Boland, M., Wilson, J., Santall, J., Video Education Australasia. (2011).Infection control in healthcare. Bendigo, VIC: VEA. Bullock, S., Manias, E. (2014).Fundamentals of pharmacology. Pearson Higher Education AU. Craft, J., Gordon, C., Huether, S. E., McCance, K. L., Brashers, V. L. (2015).Understanding pathophysiology-ANZ adaptation. Elsevier Health Sciences. Influenza. (2016).World Health Organization. Lee, G., Bishop, P. (2016).Microbiology and infection control for health professionals. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lehne, R. A., Rosenthal, L. (2014).Pharmacology for nursing care. Elsevier Health Sciences. Marieb, E. N., Hoehn, K. (2016).Human anatomy physiology. Pearson Education. Porth, C. M., Matfin, G. (2014). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Snyder, L., Peters, J. E., Henkin, T. M., Champness, W. (2013).Molecular genetics of bacteria. American Society of Microbiology.

Poor Academic Achievement Associated With Mental Retardation free essay sample

Differentiation among categories of children having mild disabilities including mild mental retardation, learning disabilities as well as behavioral and emotional disorders has been problematic. Children operating around the fringe of what might be interpreted a disability group establish problems in measurement, assessment and admission for specialized education programs. A large number of children can be recognized as poor performers in schools. Basing this notion on an ordinary distribution one could possibly argue that fifty percent of kids function below standard academically. Greshman Macmillan and Bocian defined two major forms of reading underachievement complexities: specific reading retardation (SRR) and general reading backwardness (1996). SRR is described as reading under the predicted level from a childs aptitude whereas GRB is described as studying below the predicted level of childs sequential age. Children having SRR may also be thought to have specific learning disabilities. Children having SLDs comprise 5.2 percent of the overall school populace and 51. We will write a custom essay sample on Poor Academic Achievement Associated With Mental Retardation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1 percent of the school age populace with disabilities (Greshman, Macmillan and Bocian, 1996). Numerous children who suffer from these symptoms are also unable to differentiate or understand the nature of their ailment. Personal Perspective A friend, who is also a college student, is having problems with her grades.   She frequently feels that no matter how hard she studies, it doesn’t show when it’s time to take the test. As a result of this, her grades for the last two years have only been C’s, D’s and the occasional F.   She claims that she studies by reading the chapters and printing out professor’s lecture when it’s availed. In spite of this, she still feels like nothing is registering in terms improving academic performance. She claims to forget what has been taught most of the times and sometimes fails to remember what she just read. Then would have to repeat something’s just to get a clear understanding. She feels like no matter how hard she tries, she’ll never be as smart as some of her classmates. They seem to make better grades than her without much effort.   She wonders where she is going wrong and what she could possibly do to get better grades.   She said she feels dim-witted, when she receives her grades. She said she sometimes feels like she shouldn’t even study at all, why put forth the effort if it’s not going to make a difference.   She said she doesn’t know what else to do. Differences between LD and LA This ambiguity has created a heated contest has been   concerning the differences and similarities between children categorized as possessing learning disabilities or LD and those who display low achievement in academics (LA). The main notion of this contention revolves on the level to which learning disabilities can be separated from low achievement and the degree to which circulation of these groups, social behavior and academic performance overlap. Conspicously absent form this topic has been the Identification of the difference between SRR and GRB. It would look like numerous children who are thought to be low achievers would satisfy the GRBs criteria whereas kids considered academically disabled would satisfy the criteria for diagnosing SRR. A similar quandary exists in separating children suffering from mild mental retardation from those having learning disabilities. Learning disability is normally described on the ground of a serious discrepancy between achievement and ability.   In this view, an academic disability symbolizes unanticipated underachievement In comparison to ones ability level and the occurrence of such inconsistency justifies the incidence of a learning disability. Mild mental retardation represents unanticipated underperformance relative to individuals ability and underperformance is considered to be as a result of low aptitude. Purpose of the Research The purpose of this research was to differentiate groups of kids who are described as LA, MMR and LD on a range of social-behavior, school history predictors and cognitive achievement. These differences are significant because of incongruity in the discipline regarding the degree to which these symptoms overlap or can be consistently differentiated on predictors important to social functioning. These behaviors were differentiated by means of multivariate analysis and meta-analytic processes utilized by Kavale et al. (1994) to re-evaluate Ysselddyke et al.s information differentiating LA and LD groups.   This research differs from previous studies in the sense that it incorporated a group with MMR and used more comprehensive assessment of social-behavior performance, which has been proven in previous studies to contrast groups with mild disability (Greshman, Macmillan and Bocian 1996). Main Results This study adds to the knowledge presented from previous studies. There exists considerable difference in this study and previous ones that could be explained by variations on variables such as ethnic composition of trials, operational description of groups as well as physical location of these researches. LA, MMR and LD groups in this study functioned lowly in terms of academic performance. The group having learning disabilities scored poorly in comprehension compared to the LA group. All the groups scored better in mathematics but were considerably lower compared to the LA and LD groups reported in previous researches. The results are reliable with interpretation from other researches showing that children with learning disability scored more inadequately in academic performance compared to children with low achievement.